Frozen dough and bread: the activities of water and ice crystals
26 April 2013 | By Guo Chen, Jan Swenson, Roel Van der Meulen, Sofie Villman (Karlsson)
Water is a principal constituent of dough and bread, at 40 per cent of the total mass. Ice forms when dough and bread are subjected to sub-zero temperatures. The activities of water and ice shape many aspects of the dough/bread characters. Here we sketch several of these activities, looking at…