What is sugary food costing Canada?

A new study by researchers from the University of Alberta has found that the “economic burden” of excessive sugar consumption in Canada is $5 billion a year, thanks to the direct and indirect costs linked to diet-related chronic diseases.

The researchers, whose data has been published in The Canadian Journal of Public Health, call on governments to use taxation, subsidies, education and other measures to encourage healthier eating habits, saying it is “an area of urgent need for action” in the post-COVID-19 pandemic era.

“This pandemic has brought us more unhealthy lifestyles — on the nutrition side, on the physical activity side and on screen time for kids. If we do not act now, we should expect more chronic diseases such as Type 2 diabetes in the years ahead,” said principal investigator Paul Veugelers, professor at the University of Alberta’s School of Public Health. 

“Health care costs for chronic diseases are ballooning,” Veugelers continued. “We not only need to make our health-care system more efficient, we should also act on the demand side by investing in primary prevention to ensure we have fewer patients with chronic diseases. Addressing sugar consumption is one strategy to achieve that.”

Both Canada’s Food Guide and the World Health Organization recommend consuming less than 10 per cent of daily energy intake as “free sugar” from foods made with added sugar and naturally sweet juices, honey and syrup.

Using data reported in the 2015 Canadian Community Health Survey on nutrition, the researchers found that two out of three Canadians eat more sugar than recommended. The investigators then established risk estimates for 16 diet-related chronic conditions, including diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, kidney disease and low back pain. They calculated avoidable direct health-care costs such as doctors, hospitals and drugs, along with indirect costs like productivity losses due to illness and disability.

They concluded that if Canadians had followed the 10 per cent recommendation in 2019, an estimated $2.5 billion could have been saved, and $5 billion in costs could have been avoided by following the stricter five per cent recommendation.

Treatment and management of chronic diseases accounts for 67 per cent of all health-care costs in Canada, with an annual price tag of up to $190 billion, the study reports.

The researchers estimated that limiting free sugar consumption to less than 10 per cent of energy intake could reduce the prevalence of diabetes by 27 per cent, and that benefit could reach 44.8 per cent if Canadians limited their sugar consumption to less than five per cent.

“Diabetes is just a very expensive condition to manage and to treat. It can occur at an early age, and you can live with it for a long, long time. Kidney issues, dialysis, amputation, those are just a few gruesome examples of where that disease trajectory can go,” said Veugelers. “Patients require lots of health-care interactions that drive the costs of chronic diseases.”

Countries around the world have already introduced a tax on sugar-sweetened beverages. Newfoundland and Labrador recently introduced Canada’s first soda tax, but researchers are pushing for a broader approach, because they found that only 17 per cent of the costs related to sugar consumption could be traced back to sugary drinks. 

Instead, they advocate for higher taxes on all sugar-added products, and to put the tax revenues towards subsidies for healthy food, education programmes, limits on advertising to children, and better product labelling.