Nutrient supplements significantly reduce child mortality, says study

A new study led by researchers at the University of California, Davis, has found that child mortality significantly drops when children receive nutritional supplements rich in vitamins, minerals and essential fatty acids. It found that supplements may decrease mortality among children aged between 6-24 months by 27 percent in low- and middle-income countries.

Nutrient supplements typically consist of a mixture of a legume – peanut, lentil or chickpea paste – plus, milk powder, oil and a full complement of the vitamins and minerals children need.

“Picture a tiny package of fortified peanut butter that only has 100 calories,” said Christine Stewart, an associate professor in the Department of Nutrition and interim director of the Institute for Global Nutrition. “It is enough to spread on a single piece of bread or it can be mixed with other foods.” The packets are designed to be added to a child’s diet daily as they transition from breastfeeding to complementary foods or family foods.

Previous studies have examined how supplements given to young children improve growth, but this is said to be the first to evaluate the impact of the supplements on childhood deaths.

“The results show supplements could have effects beyond just preventing stunting, wasting and malnutrition,” said Stewart.

To assess mortality risk among children who received the supplements compared to those who did not, the researchers identified 18 trials conducted in 11 countries. Among those, their primary analysis used data from 13 trials with 34,051 children. The trials were conducted in multiple countries in different geographic regions and are likely generalisable to other low- and middle-income countries.

“From this data, we estimate that for every 227 children who receive the supplements for at least six months, one child death can be prevented,” said Stewart. “Malnutrition is an underlying cause of child mortality. This study really reiterates that.” The common causes of death are illnesses like diarrhoea and respiratory infection. “These diseases are rarely fatal in places like the United States because the children are well nourished,” said Stewart.

Kathryn Dewey, a distinguished professor emerita in the Department of Nutrition and one of the co-authors of the study, developed the use of small-quantity lipid-based nutrient supplements along with other colleagues. “It is encouraging to see that this intervention can reduce deaths after the age of six months, as there are few effective strategies beyond that age.”